“With the implementation of CRM and Line Oriented Simulations, the debriefing style moved from lecturing to more facilitation”. IATA. (2018). Guidance material for instructor and evaluator.
Facilitation techniques for instruction, assessment and evaluation
In 2018, IATA published a guidance material for Instructor and Evaluator training. This article is based on this guidance and provides guidance and reference documents below.
What is facilitation?
With the implementation of CRM, EBT and Line Oriented Simulation the debriefing style moved from lecturing to more facilitation. Facilitation is “crew-centered”. It requires active participation. Crews need to analyze their performance on their own; this draws on the crews’ motivation and experience. Facilitation improves learning and enables crews to better inherit messages, thus taking more experience back to their working environment.
Competency-Based Training and assessment
In competency-based training and assessment the focus during debriefings changes from analyzing tasks/events to competencies thanks to Observable Behaviors (OBs).
Hence, Instructors and evaluators will need to adapt their facilitation approach to focus on questions related to the competencies, such as:
● “How good was your manual flying (Aircraft Flight Path Management, manual control)?”, “How good was your Situation awareness?” Which would be followed for example by “How did this affect your recovery?”
● “How well did you apply your procedures (Application of Procedures)?” – “Which non-normal maneuver was especially difficult?” – “Why?” – “What could you have done to make it less difficult?”
● “How effective was your Workload Management?” – “Which event was most challenging?”
Threat & Error Management (TEM) provides the operational context
TEM provides the operational context for the application of the pilot competencies, and flight crews use their competencies as countermeasures against threats, errors and undesired aircraft states.
For Instructors and evaluators, including TEM will enhance the quality of the briefing and debriefing. During the briefing, they may ask flight crews which threats and errors they would expect, which undesired aircraft states could arise and, most important, which competencies they plan to apply/use, in order to maintain the margins of safety in the given scenario. In the facilitated debriefing, flight crews will reflect on how successful the applied countermeasures were and explore possibilities for optimization in future scenarios.
Even if Evidence-Based Training does not apply for Helicopter Recurent Training…
EBT does not apply (nowadays) for the Helicopter “Recurrent Training”. According to RMT.599, EBT should apply for helicopter in the next 3 years.
To go further: